Subjective wellbeing in parents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia

Objectives: To examine (1) the subjective wellbeing of Australian parents raising children and adolescents (0-18 years) during April 2020 'stage three' COVID-19 restrictions, in comparison with parents assessed over 18-years prior to the pandemic; and (2) socio-demographic and COVID-19 predictors of subjective wellbeing during the pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional data were from the COVID-19 Pandemic Adjustment Survey (CPAS, N = 2365 parents of a child 0-18 years, 8-28th April 2020); and a pre-pandemic national database containing 18 years of annual surveys collected in 2002-2019 (N = 17,529 parents). Results: Levels of subjective wellbeing during the pandemic were considerably lower than ratings prior to the pandemic (Personal Wellbeing Index, mean[SD] = 65.3 [17.0]; compared to [SD] = 75.8 [11.9], p < 0.001). During the pandemic, lower subjective wellbeing was associated with low education (adjusted regression coefficient, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 5.19, 0.93), language other-than-English (95% CI = -7.22, 1.30), government benefit (95% CI = -6.99, 0.96), single parents (95% CI = -8.84, 4.59), child neuro-developmental condition (95% CI = -3.44, 0.76), parent physical/mental health problems (95% CI = -3.23, 0.67), COVID-environmental stressors (95% CI = -3.48, 2.44), and fear/worry about COVID-19 (95% CI = -8.13, 5.96). Unexpectedly, parent engagement with news media about the pandemic was associated with higher subjective wellbeing (95% CI = 0.35, 1.61). Conclusion: Subjective wellbeing in parents raising children aged 0-18 years appears to be disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions in Australia. Specific at-risk groups, for which government intervention may be warranted, include parents in socially disadvantaged contexts, parents with pre-existing mental health difficulties, and parents facing significant COVID-19-related work changes.

Automated summary

The study found that subjective wellbeing of Australian parents raising children aged 0-18 years during the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly lower than before the pandemic. Factors associated with lower subjective wellbeing included low education, non-English language, government benefit recipients, single parents, child neuro-developmental conditions, parent physical/mental health problems, COVID-environmental stressors, and fear/worry about COVID-19. Surprisingly, parent engagement with news media about the pandemic was associated with higher subjective wellbeing.