期刊
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
卷 41, 期 37, 页码 7698-7711出版社
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0619-21.2021
关键词
astrocyte; cerebrospinal fluid; choroid plexus; glymphatic; peptides; perivascular space
资金
- Department of Health and Human Services/National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [R01-NS-100366, RF1-AG-057575]
- US Department of Defense, US Army, US Army Research, Development and Engineering Command, Army Research Office [MURI W911NF1910280]
- Fondation Leducq Transatlantic Networks of Excellence Program
- Novo Nordisk Foundation
- Lundbeck Foundation
- EU [666881]
The glymphatic system in the brain plays a key role in regulating interstitial fluid movement, waste clearance, and potentially brain immunity. Through the glymphatic system, there is potential to alter the local and global transport of signaling molecules and metabolites. Additionally, evidence suggests there is cross talk among the glymphatic system, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, and lymphatic system.
Throughout the body, lymphatic fluid movement supports critical functions including clearance of excess fluid and metabolic waste. The glymphatic system is the analog of the lymphatic system in the CNS. As such, the glymphatic system plays a key role in regulating directional interstitial fluid movement, waste clearance, and, potentially, brain immunity. The glymphatic system enables bulk movement of CSF from the subarachnoid space along periarterial spaces, where it mixes with interstitial fluid within the parenchyma before ultimately exiting from the parenchyma via perivenous spaces. This review focuses on important questions about the structure of this system, why the brain needs a fluid transport system, and unexplored aspects of brain fluid transport. We provide evidence that astrocytes and blood vessels determine the shape of the perivascular space, ultimately controlling the movement of perivascular fluid. Glymphatic fluid movement has the potential to alter local as well as global transport of signaling molecules and metabolites. We also highlight the evidence for cross talk among the glymphatic system, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, and lymphatic system. Much remains to be studied, but we propose that the glymphatic/lymphatic system acts as a cornerstone in signaling between the brain and body.
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