期刊
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
卷 41, 期 33, 页码 7029-7047出版社
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3049-20.2021
关键词
motor cortex inactivation; motor learning; mouse motor cortex; mouse reaching; movement consistency; multiple movement learning
资金
- National Institutes of Health [R01 NS091010, R01 EY025349, P30 EY022589]
- Pew Charitable Trusts
- McKnight Foundation
- New York Stem Cell Foundation
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind
- National Science Foundation [1940202]
- National Institutes of Health, National Research Service Award [F31NS090858]
- David & Lucile Packard Foundation
- Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure (OAC)
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr [1940202] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
It has been found that the dependence on the motor cortex during long-term learning is not fixed, but can dynamically change. Movements that achieve higher consistency are less dependent on the motor cortex, and superior motor performance can affect neural circuit reorganization.
Not all movements require the motor cortex for execution. Intriguingly, dependence on motor cortex of a given movement is not fixed, but instead can dynamically change over the course of long-term learning. For instance, rodent forelimb movements that initially require motor cortex can become independent of the motor cortex after an extended period of training. However, it remains unclear whether long-term neural changes rendering the motor cortex dispensable are a simple function of the training length. To address this issue, we trained mice (both male and female) to perform two distinct forelimb movements, forward versus downward reaches with a joystick, concomitantly over several weeks, and then compared the involvement of the motor cortex between the two movements. Most mice achieved different levels of motor performance between the two movements after long-term training. Of the two movements, the one that achieved higher trial-to-trial consistency (i.e., consistent-direction movement) was significantly less affected by inactivation of motor cortex than the other (i.e., variable-direction movement). Two-photon calcium imaging of motor cortical neurons revealed that the consistent-direction movement activates fewer neurons, producing weaker and less consistent population activity than the variable-direction movement. Together, the motor cortex was less engaged and less necessary for learned movements that achieved higher levels of consistency. Thus, the long-term reorganization of neural circuits that frees the motor cortex from the learned movement is not a mere function of training length. Rather, this reorganization tracks the level of motor performance that the animal achieves during training.
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