Potential autoimmune encephalitis following yellow fever vaccination: A report of three cases

Meningoencephalitis following yellow fever vaccination is considered a viral neuroinvasive disease. We describe three patients with typical autoimmune encephalitis syndromes that developed 1?27 days following yellow fever vaccination. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-r antibodies were identified in the CSF and serum of two patients and the other case was associated with anti-neurexin-3 antibodies. One case was confirmed as vaccine-associated neurotropic disease due to reactive CSF yellow fever IgM, which suggested an infectious-autoimmune overlap mechanism. Two aditional cases of Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-r encephalitis were identified in the literature review. Antibody-positive autoimmune encephalitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of neurologic adverse events following yellow fever vaccination.

Automated summary

Meningoencephalitis following yellow fever vaccination can lead to autoimmune encephalitis syndromes, with antibodies like Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-r being identified. Proper diagnosis and treatment are crucial in these cases.