Synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives and exploring molecular and cytotoxic properties based on DFT and molecular docking studies

One-pot multicomponent reaction of ethyl 3-oxobutanoate or ethyl 3-oxo-3-phenylpropanoate, hydrazine hydrate, malononitrile, various aldehydes in ethanolic piperidine solution under Microwave irradiation gave 6-amino-4-aryl/hetaryl-3-methyl/pheny-1,4-dihydropyran[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitriles. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of IR, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, C-13 NMR-APT, MS data and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity properties were evaluated against the human cancer cell lines PC-3, SKOV-3, HeLa and A549 in comparison to the positive controls Vinblastine and Doxorubicin, employing the viability assay. The obtained results confirmed that some of the tested molecules revealed strong and selective cytotoxic activities against the four cancer cell lines. Herein, frontier molecular orbitals (FMO), electron affinity (EA), ionization potential (IP) and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) was carried out to understand the active sites and biological active nature of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole synthesized compounds. A systematic study was performed then frontier molecular orbitals energies, active sites and molecular descriptors were compared with reference drug. The molecular docking was accomplished onto thymidylate synthase (TS) protein. The compounds with highest efficiency exhibited promising binding interactions and binding affinities into active site. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

A series of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds were synthesized, characterized structurally, evaluated for cytotoxic activity against multiple cancer cell lines, and studied for their active sites and biological activity. Some compounds showed strong and selective cytotoxic activities against the cancer cell lines.