Charge transfer dissociation of a branched glycan with alkali and alkaline earth metal adducts

Alkali and alkaline earth metal adducts of a branched glycan, XXXG, were analyzed with helium charge transfer dissociation (He-CTD) and low-energy collision-induced dissociation (LE-CID) to investigate if metalation would impact the type of fragments generated and the structural characterization of the analyte. The studied adducts included 1+ and 2+ precursors involving one or more of the cations: H+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. Regardless of the metal adduct, He-CTD generated abundant and numerous glycosidic and cross-ring cleavages that were structurally informative and able to identify the 1,4-linkage and 1,6-branching patterns. In contrast, the LE-CID spectra mainly contained glycosidic cleavages, consecutive fragments, and numerous neutral losses, which complicated spectral interpretation. LE-CID of [M + K + H](2+) and [M + Na](+) precursors generated a few cross-ring cleavages, but they were not sufficient to identify the 1,4-linkage and 1,6-branching pattern of the XXXG xyloglucan. He-CTD predominantly generated 1+ fragments from 1+ precursors and 2+ product ions from 2+ precursors, although both LE-CID and He-CTD were able to generate 1+ product ions from 2+ adducts of magnesium and calcium. The singly charged fragments derive from the loss of H+ from the metalated product ions and the formation of a protonated complementary product ion; such observations are similar to previous reports for magnesium and calcium salts undergoing electron capture dissociation (ECD) activation. However, during He-CTD, the [M + Mg](2+) precursor generated more singly charged product ions than [M + Ca](2+), either because Mg has a higher second ionization potential than Ca or because of conformational differences and the locations of the charging adducts during fragmentation. He-CTD of the [M + 2Na](2+) and the [M + 2 K](2+) precursors generated singly charged product ions from the loss of a sodium ion and potassium ion, respectively. In summary, although the metal ions influence the mass and charge state of the observed product ions, the metal ions had a negligible effect on the types of cross-ring cleavages observed.

Automated summary

The impact of metal ions on the mass and charge state of product ions was observed, while the influence on the types of cross-ring cleavages was found to be negligible. Helium charge transfer dissociation (He-CTD) generated structurally informative glycosidic and cross-ring cleavages for branched glycan adducts, while low-energy collision-induced dissociation (LE-CID) mainly produced glycosidic cleavages, consecutive fragments, and neutral losses that complicated spectral interpretation.