Virological Characterization of Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 in the United Kingdom: Interactions of Viral Load, Antibody Status, and B.1.1.7 Infection

Letter Infectious Diseases

Ct values from SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic PCR assays should not be used as direct estimates of viral load

Elias Dahdouh et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2021)

Article Immunology

Upper Respiratory Tract Levels of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA and Duration of Viral RNA Shedding Do Not Differ Between Patients With Mild and Severe/Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019

Aylin Yilmaz et al.

Summary: The study found that viral RNA loads were highest early after symptom onset, and there was a moderate correlation between duration of symptoms and viral RNA shedding in patients with mild COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Spike mutation D614G alters SARS-CoV-2 fitness

Jessica A. Plante et al.

Summary: The D614G substitution in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhances viral replication and infectivity in human lung epithelial cells, primary airway tissues, and hamsters. This variant may increase transmission in the upper respiratory tract and doesn't seem to significantly reduce vaccine efficacy. Further research on therapeutic antibodies targeting the circulating G614 virus is recommended.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Emergency Medicine

SARS-CoV-2 viral load in nasopharyngeal swabs in the emergency department does not predict COVID-19 severity and mortality

Pierrick Le Borgne et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects on global healthcare systems. However, measuring viral load on nasopharyngeal swab specimens does not predict disease severity or mortality in COVID-19 patients.

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Lack of Association of Initial Viral Load in SARS-CoV-2 Patients with In-Hospital Mortality

Anna Carrasquer et al.

Summary: The nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral load does not determine in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. Age, comorbidity, and myocardial damage are more significant factors in predicting mortality.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Evaluating the Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Mutation D614G on Transmissibility and Pathogenicity

Erik Volz et al.

Summary: The study suggests a positive selection for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variant D614G in the UK, but no evidence of differences in COVID-19 mortality or clinical severity in patients infected with this variant. 614G is associated with higher viral load and younger age of patients compared to 614D.

CELL (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Early transmissibility assessment of the N501Y mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2 in the United Kingdom, October to November 2020

Kathy Leung et al.

Summary: Two new lineages of SARS-CoV-2 with the N501Y mutation in the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein have spread rapidly in the United Kingdom. The 501Y lineage without amino acid deletion Delta 69/Delta 70 was estimated to be 10% more transmissible than the 501N lineage, while the 501Y lineage with amino acid deletion Delta 69/Delta 70 was estimated to be 75% more transmissible than the 501N lineage.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Untuned antiviral immunity in COVID-19 revealed by temporal type I/III interferon patterns and flu comparison

Ioanna-Evdokia Galani et al.

Summary: Andreakos and colleagues conducted a study comparing patients with COVID-19 and influenza, finding that COVID-19 patients exhibited a dysregulated interferon response with diminished and delayed interferon production compared to flu patients. In COVID-19 patients, pro-inflammatory cytokines were produced before interferons and persisted longer, leading to worsened clinical outcomes.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Early High-Titer Plasma Therapy to Prevent Severe Covid-19 in Older Adults

R. Libster et al.

Summary: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of convalescent plasma with high IgG titers against SARS-CoV-2 in older adult patients within 72 hours after the onset of mild Covid-19 symptoms found that early administration of high-titer convalescent plasma reduced the progression of Covid-19 in mildly ill infected older adults.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Randomized Trial of Convalescent Plasma in Covid-19 Severe Pneumonia

V. A. Simonovich et al.

Summary: There were no significant differences observed in clinical status or overall mortality between patients treated with convalescent plasma and those who received placebo in the treatment of severe Covid-19 pneumonia. The study results indicate that both groups had similar clinical outcomes and mortality rates after 30 days.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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News Item Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19: New UK variant may be linked to increased death rate, early data indicate

Gareth Iacobucci

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Letter Virology

Genomic Characterization of a Novel SARS-CoV-2 Lineage from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Carolina M. Voloch et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 escapes neutralization by South African COVID-19 donor plasma

Constantinos Kurt Wibmer et al.

Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 virus in the B.1.351 variant discovered in South Africa can evade neutralization by most antibodies when expressed, but does not affect binding by convalescent plasma. This suggests the potential for reinfection with antigenically distinct variants and predicts reduced efficacy of spike-based vaccines.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 pseudovirus by BNT162b2 vaccine-elicited human sera

Alexander Muik et al.

Summary: A new SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 has emerged in the UK, which is more transmissible and faster spreading than other strains. However, a study found that the BNT162b2 vaccine offers largely preserved protection against the B.1.1.7 lineage, despite some reduced neutralizing titers.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Genomic characteristics and clinical effect of the emergent SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 lineage in London, UK: a whole-genome sequencing and hospital-based cohort study

Dan Frampton et al.

Summary: This study describes the emergence of the B.1.1.7 variant of concern, its virological characteristics, and clinical severity in patients. Increased viral load was found in B.1.1.7 infection, but no association with severe disease was identified in the hospitalized cohort.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Increased mortality in community-tested cases of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7

Nicholas G. Davies et al.

Summary: Studies have shown that the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 lineage is more transmissible and may cause more severe illness compared to pre-existing variants.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Sensitivity of infectious SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants to neutralizing antibodies

Delphine Planas et al.

Summary: The ability of convalescent sera from individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 and those vaccinated with BNT162b2 to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants B1.1.7 and B.1.351 decreases, but increases after two vaccine doses. The study found that the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants may have acquired partial resistance to neutralizing antibodies generated by natural infection or vaccination, particularly in individuals with low antibody levels. This suggests that the B.1.351 variant may pose a greater risk of infection in immunized individuals.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal