期刊
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
卷 417, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125883
关键词
Fracturing; Remediation; Zero valent iron; Chlorinated ethenes; Enhanced reductive dechlorination; Low permeability
资金
- Eurostars Frac-In project [E!10083]
- Technology Agency of the Czech Republic [TH04030225, SS02030008]
- Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [LM2015073]
A pilot-scale treatment of a low-permeability locality contaminated primarily by PCE with a complex microbial consortium capable of effective dechlorination processes was conducted via direct push pneumatic fracturing combined with the hydraulic delivery of a remediation suspension. Long-term monitoring revealed efficient abiotic reduction of PCE and trichloroethene, leading to a significant decrease in average chlorine number in the groundwater and an increase in ClE concentration due to accelerated mass-transfer caused by the treatment, which remained fully active for 2.5 years.
A low-permeability locality with heterogeneous geology contaminated primarily by tetrachloroethene (PCE) present partially in the free phase in the unsaturated zone was treated on a pilot scale via direct push pneumatic fracturing combined with the hydraulic delivery of a remediation suspension consisting of milled iron, sulphidated nanosized zerovalent iron and sand in guar gum solution. Afterwards, a whey solution was injected into the fractures as a carbon source for bacteria. The unsaturated and saturated zones were treated. Long-term monitoring of the groundwater revealed that the abiotic reduction of PCE and trichloroethene was the dominant remediation processes for several months after the injections. A complex microbial consortium was developed that was capable of effective, long-term chlorinated ethenes (ClE) dechlorination. The consortium consisted mainly of Dehalococcoides but also of other anaerobic bacterial strains capable of partial dechlorination of ClE, including the sulphate-reducing bacteria; Geobacter and Desulfitobacterium. The average chlorine number in the groundwater decreased from 3.65 to 1.38 within 2.5 years after the injections, while the average ClE concentration increased from 13.5 to 31.5 mg L-1 because of the substantial acceleration of the ClE mass-transfer to the groundwater caused by the treatment. The remediation processes remained fully active for 2.5 years.
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