期刊
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
卷 411, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.125036
关键词
PFAS; F-53B; Bioaccumulation; Gull eggs; Spatiotemporal distribution
资金
- National Institute of Environmental Research - Ministry of Environment (MOE), Republic of Korea [NIER-2016-01-01-055]
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [NRF-2018R1A1A3A04078171]
- Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) [NIER-2016-01-01-055] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
The study found significant temporal and spatial trends of PFAS and their alternatives in black-tailed gull eggs in South Korea from 2012 to 2018. There were increasing concentrations of PFOS, PFNA, and F-53B, indicating continuous presence of these substances in the Korean environment. Additionally, higher levels of F-53B were observed in HD and slightly higher concentrations of PFAS (<C11) were found in BLD.
The temporal and spatial trends of sixteen per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their three alternatives, chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid (F-53B), hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX), and dodecafluoro-3H-4,8-dioxanonanoate (ADONA) in whole eggs of black-tailed gulls from two South Korean islands, Baengnyeongdo (BLD) and Hongdo (HD), were investigated during 2012?2018. A total of 16 analyzed compounds were detected at concentrations of 21.3?47.8 ng/g ww in BLD and 11.2?40.0 ng/g ww in HD. Meanwhile, the mean levels of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were detected at 6.92 ? 4.72 ng/g ww and 0.674 ? 0.993 ng/g ww, respectively. In particular, F-53B, a major alternative to PFOS was detected in each year of the study period with a level of up to 6.66 ng/g ww in all egg samples. Significant increasing temporal trends were observed for PFOS, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and one alternative (F-53B) during the investigated period suggesting continuous use or accumulation of these in the Korean environment. Moreover, distinctive spatial distribution patterns such as a significantly higher F-53B level in HD and an increased PFAS (< C11) in BLD were also observed.
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