Microplastic degradation as a sustainable concurrent approach for producing biofuel and obliterating hazardous environmental effects: A state-of-the-art review

As plastics have been omnipresent in society ever since their introduction in 1907, global plastic production has ballooned in the 20th century or the Plasticene Era (Plastic Age). After their useful life span, they deliberately or accidentally, are disposed of in the environment. Influenced by different factors, plastics undergo fragmentation into microplastics (MPs) and present hazardous risks in all life forms including humans. Obliterating MPs from the environment has been a global challenge for the attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs). This review aims to present MP degradation routes with a great focus on the thermodegradation and biodegradation routes as sustainable routes of MP degradation. These routes can achieve the reduction and obliteration of MPs in the environment, thus reducing their hazardous effects. Moreover, the thermodegradation of MPs can produce fuels that help solve the dilemma of energy security. Overall, continued research and development are still needed, however, these novel approaches and the increased awareness of the microplastics' hazards give us hope that we can achieve sustainable development in the near future.

Automated summary

Since their introduction in 1907, plastics have become omnipresent in society, leading to a ballooning global plastic production in the 20th century. After their useful life span, plastics fragment into microplastics (MPs) and pose hazardous risks to all life forms. Sustainable routes for MP degradation, such as thermodegradation and biodegradation, can help reduce and obliterate MPs in the environment, while also providing a potential solution to energy security issues. Continued research and increased awareness of the hazards of microplastics give hope for achieving sustainable development goals in the near future.