Effects of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium and grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole in rats

The effects of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) and grapefruit juice (GFJ) on the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole were investigated in this study. Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with CRP decoction or GFJ for 28 consecutive days. After a single intragastric administration of 6.0 mg/kg, the concentration of omeprazole in the plasma was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by Kinetica software 5.0. A high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS) method was established to identify the chemical components in CRP decoction and GFJ. The results showed that the AUC(t)(-infinity) was significantly increased when coadministrated with CRP. The AUC(0-)(t) and AUC(0-infinity) was remarkably increased; the Cl was decreased when coadministrated with GFJ. A total of 31 and 28 bioactive compounds were identified in the CRP decoction and GFJ, respectively. Flavonoids and furanocoumarins, including hesperidin, hesperetin, naringenin, sinensetin, tangeretin, nobiletin, and 6 ',7 '-dihydroxybergamottin, were simultaneously identified in CRP decoction and GFJ. This study indicates that the increased bioavailability of omeprazole may be due to the inhibition of hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, and the systemic exposure should be monitored when concomitant administration with CRP and GFJ. Practical applications Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) has been widely consumed as a daily condiment, functional food, and a traditional Chinese medicine. Omeprazole, primary metabolized by CYP450 enzymes, was usually coadministered with CRP for the treatment of gastrointestinal disease. Studies have confirmed that much fruit juices, including grapefruit juice, may affect drug metabolism enzymes. CRP and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) belong to the genus Citrus and family Rutaceae with different species. Therefore, the pharmacokinetic interaction of CRP decoction and grapefruit juice with omeprazole is worthy of attention. The results of this study can provide basic pharmacological data support for the safe and effective clinical use of omeprazole. It can also provide a theoretical basis for the development of new functional products and daily application of CRP.

Automated summary

This study investigated the effects of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) and grapefruit juice (GFJ) on the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole, finding that CRP may increase the bioavailability of omeprazole by inhibiting hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, while GFJ may decrease the clearance of omeprazole. Both CRP and GFJ contain bioactive compounds that could affect drug metabolism. These findings have implications for the safe and effective clinical use of omeprazole and the development of new functional products.