4.4 Article

Split-nitrogen application with cover cropping reduces subsurface nitrate losses while maintaining corn yields

期刊

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
卷 50, 期 6, 页码 1408-1418

出版社

WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20283

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资金

  1. Illinois Nutrient Research & Education Council [2016-4-360276-980]
  2. Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research [534655]
  3. 4R Research Fund [IPNI-2017-USA-4RF01]

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Combining split-N application with cover crops shows promise in reducing nitrate-N losses without negatively impacting crop productivity, thus potentially meeting the statewide interim milestone NO3-N reduction target of 15% by 2025.
Artificial subsurface drainage is essential to sustain crop production in many areas but may also impair water quality by exacerbating nitrate (NO3)-nitrogen (N) delivery downstream. Cover crops and split-N application have been promoted as key conservation practices for reducing NO3-N losses, but few studies have simultaneously assessed their effect on water quality and crop productivity. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of N application timing and cover crops on subsurface drainage NO3-N losses and grain yield in continuous corn (Zea mays L.). Treatments were preplant-N: 224 kg N ha(-1) split-applied with 60% fall + 40% preplant in 2018, or as single preplant applications in 2019 and 2020; split-N: 40% preplant + 60% side-dress (V6-V7); split-N + cover crop (CC): Split-N + cereal rye (Secale cereale L.); and a zero N plot as the control. Across the 3-yr study period, split-N + CC significantly reduced flow-weighted NO3-N concentration and NO3-N loss by 35 and 37%, respectively, compared with preplant-N. However, flow-weighted NO3-N concentration (4.3 mg L-1) and NO3-N loss (22.4 kg ha(-1)) with split-N were not significantly different from either preplant-N (4.8 mg L-1 and 26.4 kg ha(-1), respectively) or split-N + CC (3.1 mg L-1 and 16.7 kg ha(-1), respectively). Corn yield was significantly lower in the control treatment but did not differ among N fertilized treatments in any year. These results indicate that combining split-N application with cover crops holds promise for meeting the statewide interim milestone NO3-N reduction target of 15% by 2025 without negatively impacting crop productivity.

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