4.7 Article

Immunosensor based on porous gold and reduced graphene platform for the determination of EE2 by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

期刊

出版社

ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115604

关键词

Ethinylestradiol; Immunosensor; Graphene; Porous gold structure; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

资金

  1. Universidad Nacional de San Luis [PROICO-02-2220-(2020-2021)]
  2. Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Fondo para la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (FONCYT) [PICT-2015-2246]
  3. Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martin, Argentina
  4. BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany

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The study introduces an electrochemical immunosensor for detecting ethinylestradiol in water samples, utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The development involved modifying the working electrode and immobilizing specific antibodies for quantitative determination of ethinylestradiol. The methodology demonstrated good selectivity, precision, and sensitivity despite having a higher limit of detection, presenting an alternative for ethinylestradiol determination using a disposable electrode.
In this work, we report an electrochemical immunosensor to detect ethinylestradiol in water samples, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as a detection technique. For the development of this immunosensor, the direct modification of the working electrode of a screen-printed carbon electrode was carried out. First, to reduce the resistance of the electrode, electroreduced graphene was incorporated on the surface. Second, a porous gold structure was electrodeposited on reduced graphene by electrodeposition and the dynamic hydrogen bubble template assisted method. Thus, a marked increase in surface area was obtained for anti-EE2 antibodies immobilization. Subsequently, the specific anti-EE2 antibodies were covalently immobilized using alpha-lipoic acid for attaching them to the gold surface. The electrode modified with the antibodies was incubated for 30 min in the samples containing EE2, producing the specific antigen-antibody binding. As the charge transfer resistance of a redox probe in the electrode surface is governed by the surface blocking effects, the charge transfer resistance was related to the amount of EE2 captured to realize a quantitative determination. For this, the EIS measurements were performed in a 4 mM [Fe(CN)(6)](4-/3-) solution in 0.1 M KCl. The obtained Nyquist diagrams were adjusted using the Randles circuit as an equivalent circuit to obtain the corresponding resistances. The developed methodology showed good selectivity, precision, and sensitivity; although the LOD obtained was higher than those presented in other published articles, it turned out to be an alternative that allows the determination of ethinylestradiol using a simple disposable electrode.

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