Guarana (Paullinia cupana) seeds: Selective supercritical extraction of phenolic compounds

Approximately 70% of the Brazilian production of guarana (Paullinia cupana) seeds is absorbed by the beverage industries. Guarana has several pharmacological properties: energy stimulant, antimicrobial, chemoprophylactic, antigenotoxic, antidepressive, anxiolytic, and anti-amnesic effects. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of bioactive compounds from guarana seeds was carried out and optimized by an orthogonal array design (OA(9)(3(4))). The factors/levels studied were: modifier(s) (ethanol and/or methanol), extraction time (20, 40, and 60 min), temperature (40, 50, and 60 circle C), and pressure (100, 200, and 300 bar). The statistical design was repeated with increasing proportions of modifiers. The percentage of modifier used was proportional to the amount of polar compounds extracted. The best conditions for the supercritical extraction, based on the content of polyphenols, epicatechin/catechin quantification, yield and operating cost, proved to be: 40% ethanol: methanol during 40 min, under 40 circle C, and 100 bar. The temperature had a significant effect on the total phenolic content. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.