Theoretical Prediction and Interpretation of Np-237 Mossbauer Isomer Shifts

Different theoretical approaches for the calculation of Np-237 Mossbauer isomer shifts are investigated. The traditional contact density route is compared to a previously proposed alternative approach that uses energy derivatives with respect to the nuclear radius. Both approaches yield similar results as long as suitable basis sets augmented with large exponents and relativistic methods are used. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations do not show a strong dependency of the Np-237 isomer shift on the chosen functional. Wavefunction calculations show that dynamic electron correlation can be important when covalent bonding influences the isomer shift. Effects from spin-orbit coupling are small. The isomer shifts of ionic solids and Np(III) organometallic complexes are largely governed by the oxidation state of Np. Isomer shifts of organometallic Np(IV) complexes are strongly affected by donation bonding. Detailed analysis of the wavefunction results with different active spaces demonstrates that correlation among the outer core Np and occupied ligand frontier orbitals contributes significantly to isomer shifts of Np(IV) compounds.

Automated summary

Different theoretical approaches for calculating Np-237 Mossbauer isomer shifts yield similar results. The isomer shift of Np-237 does not strongly depend on the chosen functional in DFT calculations, but dynamic electron correlation may be important in the presence of covalent bonding. Isomer shifts are largely governed by the oxidation state of Np and are strongly affected by donation bonding in organometallic Np(IV) complexes.