Water-assisted crystallization of nanoporous tin oxide formed by anodic oxidation on cold sprayed tin coating

In this study, nanoporous tin oxide films were formed on cold sprayed tin coating via a modified electrochemical anodization process. The amorphous as-anodized was crystallized during a facile process with the assistance of hot water. The morphology and crystallinity of tin oxide films during thermal annealing and annealing by induced of hot water (50, 75, and 100 degrees C) during the various time were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was observed that the crystallized tin oxide with the assistance of water was formed by the dissolution-precipitation mechanism. During this process, rutile SnO2 was formed through reorganization of the SnO6 octahedral units. Also, the texture coefficient and the degree of preferred orientation for different conditions were calculated from XRD spectra. It was found that the degree of preferred orientation of tin oxide film remains almost constant during annealing for the sample annealed by water with a temperature of 50 degrees C. However, for other samples, the degree of preferred orientation decreased during annealing. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Nanoporous tin oxide films were formed on cold-sprayed tin coating via modified electrochemical anodization, with crystallization aided by hot water. The morphology and crystallinity of the films were investigated through XRD, FESEM, and TEM, showing that crystallized tin oxide was formed through dissolution-precipitation mechanism. The texture coefficient and degree of preferred orientation were affected by different conditions during annealing, with variations observed in different samples.