期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 13, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136966
关键词
mammalian chitinase; inflammatory bowel diseases; YKL-40; chitinase inhibitor
资金
- Medical University of Lodz [503/1-156-04/50311-001-19-00]
- National Centre for Research and Development
- grant Development of a first-in-class small molecule drug candidate for cancer treatment through YKL 40 inhibition [POIR.01.01.01-00-0552/16]
Chitinases belong to the GH18 family and can degrade chitin. Although mammals do not synthesize chitin, they still have chitinases and chitinase-like proteins. Chitinases play a role in human fibrotic and inflammatory disorders, serving as prognostic biomarkers of disease progression.
Chitinases belong to the evolutionarily conserved glycosyl hydrolase family 18 (GH18). They catalyze degradation of chitin to N-acetylglucosamine by hydrolysis of the beta-(1-4)-glycosidic bonds. Although mammals do not synthesize chitin, they possess two enzymatically active chitinases, i.e., chitotriosidase (CHIT1) and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase), as well as several chitinase-like proteins (YKL-40, YKL-39, oviductin, and stabilin-interacting protein). The latter lack enzymatic activity but still display oligosaccharides-binding ability. The physiologic functions of chitinases are still unclear, but they have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of various human fibrotic and inflammatory disorders, particularly those of the lung (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sarcoidosis, and asthma) and the gastrointestinal tract (inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colon cancer). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about chitinases, particularly in IBDs, and demonstrate that chitinases can serve as prognostic biomarkers of disease progression. Moreover, we suggest that the inhibition of chitinase activity may be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of IBDs.
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