期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 14, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147575
关键词
TGF-beta; tumor microenvironment; fibrosis
资金
- Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [GRF 14106518, 14111019, 14111720]
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong [4620528, 4054510]
TGF-beta signaling plays crucial roles in inflammatory diseases by regulating immunocytes in tissue fibrosis and accelerating tumor development in cancer. The pleiotropic nature of TGF-beta signaling in generating fibrotic TME, containing CAFs and matrix proteins, remains largely unclear, despite recent studies demonstrating its clinical implications in cancer.
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling triggers diverse biological actions in inflammatory diseases. In tissue fibrosis, it acts as a key pathogenic regulator for promoting immunoregulation via controlling the activation, proliferation, and apoptosis of immunocytes. In cancer, it plays a critical role in tumor microenvironment (TME) for accelerating invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. Increasing evidence suggest a pleiotropic nature of TGF-beta signaling as a critical pathway for generating fibrotic TME, which contains numerous cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix proteins, and remodeling enzymes. Its pathogenic roles and working mechanisms in tumorigenesis are still largely unclear. Importantly, recent studies successfully demonstrated the clinical implications of fibrotic TME in cancer. This review systematically summarized the latest updates and discoveries of TGF-beta signaling in the fibrotic TME.
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