期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 16, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168956
关键词
adenosine; inosine; rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis; synoviocytes; inflammation
资金
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [FOR2407 (JE 642/4-2), 277277765, STR 511/32-1, 243785207, FOR2722 (FZ 561/3-1), 407168728]
The study showed that synoviocytes of OA and RA patients have the ability to synthesize adenosine/inosine, with adenosine predominantly responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects. Inhibiting CD73 increased IL-6 and decreased IL-10, while inhibiting ADA reduced IL-6 and induced IL-10. A(2A)- and A(2B)AR play a crucial role in mediating anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory effects.
Exogenous adenosine and its metabolite inosine exert anti-inflammatory effects in synoviocytes of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. We analyzed whether these cells are able to synthesize adenosine/inosine and which adenosine receptors (ARs) contribute to anti-inflammatory effects. The functionality of synthesizing enzymes and ARs was tested using agonists/antagonists. Both OA and RA cells expressed CD39 (converts ATP to AMP), CD73 (converts AMP to adenosine), ADA (converts adenosine to inosine), ENT1/2 (adenosine transporters), all AR subtypes (A(1), A(2A), A(2B) and A(3)) and synthesized predominantly adenosine. The CD73 inhibitor AMPCP significantly increased IL-6 and decreased IL-10 in both cell types, while TNF only increased in RA cells. The ADA inhibitor DAA significantly reduced IL-6 and induced IL-10 in both OA and RA cells. The A(2A)AR agonist CGS 21680 significantly inhibited IL-6 and induced TNF and IL-10 only in RA, while the A(2B)AR agonist BAY 60-6583 had the same effect in both OA and RA. Taken together, OA and RA synoviocytes express the complete enzymatic machinery to synthesize adenosine/inosine; however, mainly adenosine is responsible for the anti- (IL-6 and IL-10) or pro-inflammatory (TNF) effects mediated by A(2A)- and A(2B)AR. Stimulating CD39/CD73 with simultaneous ADA blockage in addition to TNF inhibition might represent a promising therapeutic strategy.
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