Cellular Defensive Mechanisms of Tea Polyphenols: Structure-Activity Relationship

Tea is particularly rich in polyphenols, including catechins and theaflavins, thearubigins, flavonols, and phenolic acids, which are believed to contribute to the health benefits of tea. The health-promoting effects of tea polyphenols are believed to be related to their cellular defensive properties. This review is intended to briefly summarize the relationship between the chemical structures of tea polyphenols and their biological activities. Tea polyphenols appear as direct antioxidants by scavenging reactive oxygen/nitrogen species; chelating transition metals; and inhibiting lipid, protein, and DNA oxidations. They also act directly by suppressing pro-oxidant enzymes, inducing endogenous antioxidants, and cooperating with vitamins. Moreover, tea polyphenols regulate cellular signaling transduction pathways, importantly contributing to the prevention of chronic diseases and the promotion of physiological functions. Apparently, the features in the chemical structures of tea polyphenols are closely associated with their antioxidant potentials.

Automated summary

Tea polyphenols act as direct antioxidants by scavenging reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, chelating transition metals, and inhibiting lipid, protein, and DNA oxidations. They also suppress pro-oxidant enzymes, induce endogenous antioxidants, and cooperate with vitamins. Furthermore, tea polyphenols regulate cellular signaling transduction pathways, significantly contributing to the prevention of chronic diseases and promotion of physiological functions.