Isotropic and Anisotropic Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: Collagen, Conventional, and Textile Fabrication Technologies and Properties

In this review article, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are briefly explained and the importance of scaffolds is highlighted. Furthermore, the requirements of scaffolds and how they can be fulfilled by using specific biomaterials and fabrication methods are presented. Detailed insight is given into the two biopolymers chitosan and collagen. The fabrication methods are divided into two categories: isotropic and anisotropic scaffold fabrication methods. Processable biomaterials and achievable pore sizes are assigned to each method. In addition, fiber spinning methods and textile fabrication methods used to produce anisotropic scaffolds are described in detail and the advantages of anisotropic scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are highlighted.

Automated summary

This review article explains tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, emphasizing the importance of scaffolds and presenting the requirements and fabrication methods. It delves into two biopolymers chitosan and collagen, categorizes fabrication methods into isotropic and anisotropic, and assigns processable biomaterials and achievable pore sizes for each method. The advantages of anisotropic scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are detailed, along with descriptions of fiber spinning and textile fabrication methods used for their production.