期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 14, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147425
关键词
SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; spike variants; spike mutations; immune evasion; transmission
资金
- Universiti Sains Malaysia Research University Grant [1001/PPSP/8012382]
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has posed significant challenges worldwide, resulting in millions of deaths. Mutations in the spike (S) glycoprotein may impact vaccine efficacy. Variants such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma have mutations in their spike proteins that enhance viral fitness.
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents significant social, economic and political challenges worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 has caused over 3.5 million deaths since late 2019. Mutations in the spike (S) glycoprotein are of particular concern because it harbours the domain which recognises the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and is the target for neutralising antibodies. Mutations in the S protein may induce alterations in the surface spike structures, changing the conformational B-cell epitopes and leading to a potential reduction in vaccine efficacy. Here, we summarise how the more important variants of SARS-CoV-2, which include cluster 5, lineages B.1.1.7 (Alpha variant), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (B.1.1.28/Gamma), B.1.427/B.1.429 (Epsilon), B.1.526 (Iota) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) confer mutations in their respective spike proteins which enhance viral fitness by improving binding affinity to the ACE2 receptor and lead to an increase in infectivity and transmission. We further discuss how these spike protein mutations provide resistance against immune responses, either acquired naturally or induced by vaccination. This information will be valuable in guiding the development of vaccines and other therapeutics for protection against the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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