Ultra-Low Dose Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Three Birds with One Stone as the Rationale of the 2LARTH® Micro-Immunotherapy Treatment

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) are two cytokines involved in the perpetuation of the chronic inflammation state characterizing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Significant advances in the treatment of this pathology have been made over the past ten years, partially through the development of anti-TNF and anti-IL-1 therapies. However, major side effects still persist and new alternative therapies should be considered. The formulation of the micro-immunotherapy medicine (MIM) 2LARTH (R) uses ultra-low doses (ULD) of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-2, in association with other immune factors, to gently restore the body's homeostasis. The first part of this review aims at delineating the pivotal roles played by IL-113 and TNF-alpha in RA physiopathology, leading to the development of anti-TNF and anti-IL-1 therapeutic agents. In a second part, an emphasis will be made on explaining the rationale of using multiple therapeutic targets, including both IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha in 2LARTH (R) medicine. Particular attention will be paid to the ULD of those two main pro-inflammatory factors in order to counteract their overexpression through the lens of their molecular implication in RA pathogenesis.

Automated summary

The article discusses the role of TNF-α and IL-1β in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and how the micro-immunotherapy medicine 2LARTH (R) utilizes ultra-low doses of these two cytokines to restore the body's homeostasis.