期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 12, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126281
关键词
zearalenone; reduced zearalenone metabolites; alternariol; genistein; cytotoxicity; estrogenicity; combined effects; co-exposure
资金
- New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology [UNKP-19-4]
- Ministry of Innovation and Technology [TKP2020-NKA-16]
This study demonstrates that reduced ZEN metabolites, AOH, and GEN can exacerbate ZEN-induced toxicity, with the compounds tested primarily exhibiting synergistic or additive combined effects in terms of cytotoxicity and/or estrogenicity.
Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites of filamentous fungi. Previous studies demonstrated the co-occurrence of Fusarium and Alternaria toxins, including zearalenone (ZEN), ZEN metabolites, and alternariol (AOH). These xenoestrogenic mycotoxins appear in soy-based meals and dietary supplements, resulting in the co-exposure to ZEN and AOH with the phytoestrogen genistein (GEN). In this study, the cytotoxic and estrogenic effects of ZEN, reduced ZEN metabolites, AOH, and GEN are examined to evaluate their individual and combined impacts. Our results demonstrate that reduced ZEN metabolites, AOH, and GEN can aggravate ZEN-induced toxicity; in addition, the compounds tested exerted mostly synergism or additive combined effects regarding cytotoxicity and/or estrogenicity. Therefore, these observations underline the importance and the considerable risk of mycotoxin co-exposure and the combined effects of mycoestrogens with phytoestrogens.
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