3D simulation and parametric optimization of a solar air heater with a novel cuboid baffles

Thermal performance enhancement of solar air heaters is critical for efficient utilization of energy. In the present work, a numerical study and parametric optimization of turbulent convective heat transfer in a solar air heater duct with novel staggered cuboid baffles placed on the absorber plate are investigated. The heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics are analyzed, and an optimization procedure based on the Taguchi experimental design method is used to obtain the baffle's optimum geometry and arrangement. The numerical results reveal that the proposed optimum design performs better than the existing ones. It is also indicated that the relative baffle height (c/H) and relative baffle pitch (s/H) are the most influential parameters on the efficiency and thermo-hydraulic performance factor. Also, the thermo-hydraulic performance factor of the optimum baffled solar air heater is 3.43, 2.80 and 2.38 at Reynolds numbers 5080, 7620 and 10160 , respectively. Depending on the Reynolds number, the thermo-hydraulic performance factor of the proposed baffled is up to 17.5% better compared with the performance of the best design reported in the literature.

Automated summary

This study focuses on enhancing the thermal performance of solar air heaters through numerical analysis and parametric optimization. The optimized design with novel staggered cuboid baffles outperforms existing designs, with the relative baffle height and pitch being key parameters influencing efficiency and thermo-hydraulic performance. The proposed baffled solar air heater shows significant improvement in thermo-hydraulic performance factor compared to the best design reported in the literature.