Classification, structure and mechanism of antiviral polysaccharides derived from edible and medicinal fungus

The deficiency of chemical-synthesized antiviral drugs when applied in clinical therapy, such as drug resistance, and the lack of effective antiviral drugs to treat some newly emerging virus infections, such as COVID-19, promote the demand of novelty and safety anti-virus drug candidate from natural functional ingredient. Numerous studies have shown that some polysaccharides sourcing from edible and medicinal fungus (EMFs) exert direct or indirect anti-viral capacities. However, the internal connection of fungus type, polysaccharides structural characteristics, action mechanism was still unclear. Herein, our review focus on the two aspects, on the one hand, we discussed the type of anti-viral EMFs and the structural characteristics of polysaccharides to clarify the structure-activity relationship, on the other hand, the directly or indirectly antiviral mechanism of EMFs polysaccharides, including virus function suppression, immune-modulatory activity, anti-inflammatory activity, regulation of population balance of gut microbiota have been concluded to provide a comprehensive theory basis for better clinical utilization of EMFs polysaccharides as anti-viral agents. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Studies have shown that polysaccharides from edible and medicinal fungus have antiviral capabilities, but the relationship between fungus type, polysaccharide structural characteristics, and mechanisms of action is still unclear. This review focuses on discussing the types of antiviral EMFs, the structural characteristics of polysaccharides, and their antiviral mechanisms to provide a theoretical basis for better clinical utilization of polysaccharides as antiviral agents.