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Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jessica A. Plante et al.
Summary: The D614G substitution in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhances viral replication and infectivity in human lung epithelial cells, primary airway tissues, and hamsters. This variant may increase transmission in the upper respiratory tract and doesn't seem to significantly reduce vaccine efficacy. Further research on therapeutic antibodies targeting the circulating G614 virus is recommended.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lauren B. Rodda et al.
Summary: The study found that individuals recovered from mild COVID-19 develop sustained SARS-CoV-2-specific immunological memory for at least 3 months, including immunoglobulin antibodies, neutralizing plasma, and memory B and T cells. These memory lymphocytes exhibit potent antiviral function, aiding in immune defense.
Article
Microbiology
Drew Weissman et al.
Summary: The D614G mutation in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is not expected to hinder current vaccine development, as viruses with the G614 spike are more susceptible to neutralization, indicating that the mutation may not affect vaccine efficacy.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christian Gaebler et al.
Summary: After infection with SARS-CoV-2, antibody levels against the spike protein decrease significantly, but the number of memory B cells remain unchanged, indicating an evolving humoral response at 6.2 months after infection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Piyada Supasa et al.
Summary: Research on the UK-dominant variant B.1.1.7 shows that it is harder to neutralize than the parental virus, but widespread escape from antibodies or monoclonal antibodies has not been observed yet.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aurelien Sokal et al.
Summary: Memory B cells play a crucial role in host defense against SARS-CoV-2, with distinct B cell clone responses to the virus contributing to long-lasting immune protection. The study also highlights the significance of somatic mutations in the variable region genes of memory B cells over time, indicating continued maturation and long-term immune memory post-infection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran et al.
Summary: New variants of SARS-CoV-2 show high resistance to vaccine neutralization, with some able to escape vaccine responses with just a few mutations, highlighting the importance of developing broadly protective measures against variants.
Article
Microbiology
Allison J. Greaney et al.
Summary: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 may impact the recognition of the virus by human antibody-mediated immunity, with mutations affecting antibody binding varying significantly among individuals and within the same individual over time. Despite this variability, mutations that greatly reduce antibody binding usually occur at specific sites in the RBD, with E484 being the most crucial. These findings can inform surveillance efforts for SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the future.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Saman Saadat et al.
Summary: This study compared the titers of binding and neutralizing antibodies in healthcare workers previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 after receiving a single dose of mRNA coronavirus vaccine.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Charlotte Manisty et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Houriiyah Tegally et al.
Summary: The article describes a newly emerged lineage of SARS-CoV-2, 501Y.V2, characterized by eight mutations in the spike protein, which may result in increased transmissibility or immune escape. This lineage originated in South Africa and quickly became dominant in Eastern Cape, Western Cape, and KwaZuluNatal provinces within weeks.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pengfei Wang et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had global repercussions, with promising vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies. However, newly detected variants of SARS-CoV-2 present challenges to these treatment options.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xuping Xie et al.
Summary: The study found that human sera from recipients of the BNT162b2 vaccine can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 viruses containing key spike mutations from the newly emerged UK and SA variants.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Noa Dagan et al.
Summary: A study conducted in Israel on nearly 600,000 individuals showed that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was effective in reducing the risk of infection, hospitalization, and severe Covid-19. The effectiveness in preventing death was 72% during the period from day 14 through day 20 after the first dose, and hospitalization was reduced by 87% for the period 7 or more days after the second dose, similar to results from a randomized trial.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Florian Krammer et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas G. Davies et al.
Summary: A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 has emerged in England, with a higher reproduction number and potential for large resurgences of COVID-19 cases. Without stringent control measures, it is projected that COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths in England for the first 6 months of 2021 will exceed those in 2020. The variant has spread globally and exhibited similar transmission increases in Denmark, Switzerland, and the United States.
Article
Immunology
Mrunal Sakharkar et al.
Summary: The study on the kinetics and evolution of the human B cell response to SARS-CoV-2 infection revealed that serum neutralizing antibody responses declined rapidly, while spike-specific IgG(+) memory B cells remained stable or increased over time. The research also showed evidence for prolonged antibody affinity maturation and the impact of mutations in the S protein on the neutralizing antibody response.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matthew McCallum et al.
Summary: The study identifies 41 human monoclonal antibodies that recognize the N-terminal domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and exhibit strong neutralizing activity. These antibodies inhibit cell-to-cell fusion, activate effector functions, and protect animals from virus challenge, highlighting the importance of NTD-specific neutralizing antibodies for protective immunity and vaccine development. Several SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations in the NTD supersite suggest ongoing selective pressure on the virus.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Markus Hoffmann et al.
Summary: The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants may exhibit resistance to existing neutralizing antibodies and treatments, which could have significant implications for pandemic containment efforts.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Johannes F. Scheid et al.
Summary: Monoclonal antibodies play a crucial role in vaccine and therapeutic development against SARS-CoV-2. By utilizing single-cell technologies and mAb structures, this study identified distinct B cell populations producing potent neutralizing antibodies, providing insights into their recognition mechanisms and cross-neutralizing capabilities against various coronavirus variants.
Article
Microbiology
Venkata Viswanadh Edara et al.
Summary: Despite reduced antibody titers against the B.1.351 variant, sera from infected and vaccinated individuals containing polyclonal antibodies to the spike protein could still neutralize SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351, suggesting that protective humoral immunity may be retained against this variant.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Haley L. Dugan et al.
Summary: Analyzing the evolution of memory B cells (MBCs) against SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for understanding antibody recall upon secondary exposure. Single-cell sequencing was used to profile SARS-CoV-2-reactive B cells in COVID-19 patients, revealing enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific cells in the memory compartment and highly mutated variable genes in endemic HCoV-reactive antibody-secreting cells. Additionally, MBCs exhibited pronounced maturation to NP and ORF8 over time.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandile Cele et al.
Summary: The study compared the neutralization of non-VOC and 501Y.V2 VOC variants using plasma from COVID-19 patients in South Africa. It found that plasma from individuals infected during the first wave effectively neutralized the first-wave virus variant, while plasma from those infected in the second wave effectively neutralized the 501Y.V2 variant.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Delphine Planas et al.
Summary: The ability of convalescent sera from individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 and those vaccinated with BNT162b2 to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants B1.1.7 and B.1.351 decreases, but increases after two vaccine doses. The study found that the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants may have acquired partial resistance to neutralizing antibodies generated by natural infection or vaccination, particularly in individuals with low antibody levels. This suggests that the B.1.351 variant may pose a greater risk of infection in immunized individuals.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joseph E. Ebinger et al.
Summary: Virus-specific antibody levels after a single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 are similar to levels after two doses of the vaccine in infection-naive individuals. Post-vaccine symptoms were more prominent for those with prior infection after the first dose, but symptomology was similar between groups after the second dose.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Laith J. Abu-Raddad et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ezgi Hacisuleyman et al.
Summary: Despite evidence of vaccine efficacy, two fully vaccinated individuals developed mild symptoms of Covid-19 and were infected with variants of SARS-CoV-2. Sequencing of the virus isolates revealed novel mutations, highlighting the potential risk of illness post-vaccination and subsequent infection with variant virus. Efforts to prevent, diagnose, and characterize variants in vaccinated individuals are crucial.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Etienne Crickx et al.
Summary: The study identifies specific characteristics of memory B cells that escape RTX-mediated depletion and reactivate upon RTX clearance. These RTX-resistant autoreactive memory B cells give rise to plasma cells and further germinal center reactions, being efficient targets for anti-CD19 therapies.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Rishi R. Goel et al.
Summary: mRNA vaccines exhibit robust serological and cellular priming, with naïve individuals requiring two doses for optimal antibody responses, especially against the B.1.351 variant. Memory B cells specific for spike protein and RBD were efficiently primed by vaccination, while recovered individuals showed significant boosting after the first dose, correlating with preexisting memory B cell levels. Identifying distinct responses based on prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure suggests that recovered subjects may only need one vaccine dose for peak responses, which can inform vaccine distribution strategies in resource-limited settings.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pei Tong et al.
Summary: Memory B cell reserves can produce protective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, but the impact on variants is unclear. Studying antibodies from convalescent individuals revealed seven major antibody competition groups, important for neutralizing the virus.
Article
Immunology
Frauke Muecksch et al.
Summary: This study examined the development of antibodies following infection with the coronavirus, finding that evolved antibodies had increased affinity and neutralization potency, altered mutational pathways for viral resistance, and restricted neutralization escape options. These findings suggest that increasing antibody diversity through prolonged or repeated antigen exposure may improve protection against diversifying populations of the virus and other pandemic threat coronaviruses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Delphine Planas et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 Delta variant, first identified in India in 2020, has become dominant in some regions and is spreading to many countries. This variant shows resistance to certain monoclonal antibodies and antibodies in convalescent sera, as well as reduced neutralization by some COVID-19 vaccines. Administration of two doses of the vaccine is needed for a neutralizing response against the Delta variant.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jackson S. Turner et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce a persistent germinal centre B cell response in humans, leading to the generation of robust humoral immunity, especially more significant in individuals previously infected with the virus.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zijun Wang et al.
Summary: Despite challenges posed by COVID-19 variants, convalescent individuals receiving mRNA vaccines exhibit robust and long-lasting immune responses against circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, providing hope for effective control of the pandemic.
Review
Microbiology
William T. Harvey et al.
Summary: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has been characterized by the emergence of mutations and variants that impact virus characteristics. Manufacturers are preparing for possible updates to vaccines in response to changes in the virus population, and it is crucial to monitor genetic and antigenic changes alongside experiments to understand the impacts of mutations.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Meng Yuan et al.
Summary: Mutations in the RBS residues of new variant strains of the coronavirus can affect the binding and neutralizing effects of antibodies, but have little impact on antibodies targeting more conserved neutralizing sites.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Allison J. Greaney et al.
Summary: The study found that although the human immune system can produce antibodies that target diverse RBD epitopes, in practice, the polyclonal response to infection tends to be skewed towards a single class of antibodies targeting an epitope that is already undergoing rapid evolution.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Theocharis G. Konstantinidis et al.
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenic effect of mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, with results showing a robust immune response in individuals previously infected with the virus compared to non-infected subjects. Interestingly, asymptomatic individuals after vaccination had lower levels of antibodies than those who experienced fever. High levels of anti-Spike COVID-19 antibodies were observed post-vaccination.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Tyler N. Starr et al.
Summary: The study mapped mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain that escape binding by certain monoclonal antibodies. These mutations are concentrated in specific lineages of SARS-CoV-2. The authors suggest diversifying the epitopes targeted by antibodies and antibody cocktails to make them more resilient to SARS-CoV-2 antigenic evolution.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luka Mesin et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bin Ju et al.
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christopher O. Barnes et al.
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Leonid Yurkovetskiy et al.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Davide F. Robbiani et al.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ching-Lin Hsieh et al.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yongfei Cai et al.
Article
Immunology
Matthew C. Woodruff et al.
Article
Immunology
Florian J. Weisel et al.
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Immunology
Ali H. Ellebedy et al.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Namita T. Gupta et al.
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Cell Biology
Sarah F. Andrews et al.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2015)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Latesh Lad et al.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING
(2015)
Article
Immunology
Whitney E. Purtha et al.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2011)
Article
Hematology
Xin M. Luo et al.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Thomas Tiller et al.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS
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