4.5 Article

Noncoding sequence variants define a novel regulatory element in the first intron of the N-acetylglutamate synthase gene

期刊

HUMAN MUTATION
卷 42, 期 12, 页码 1624-1636

出版社

WILEY-HINDAWI
DOI: 10.1002/humu.24281

关键词

intron; mutation analysis; N-acetylglutamate; N-acetylglutamate synthase; N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency; noncoding sequence variants; regulatory element; urea cycle; urea cycle disorders

资金

  1. Rashid Family Foundation
  2. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [R01DK064913]
  3. Recordati Rare Diseases
  4. Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Forderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung [320030_176088]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency is an autosomal recessive urea cycle disorder that can be effectively treated with N-carbamylglutamate. Research suggests that analyzing noncoding regions of NAGS and other urea cycle genes could reveal molecular causes of disease and identify novel regulators of ureagenesis.
N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency is an autosomal recessive urea cycle disorder caused either by decreased expression of the NAGS gene or defective NAGS enzyme resulting in decreased production of N-acetylglutamate (NAG), an allosteric activator of carbamylphosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1). NAGSD is the only urea cycle disorder that can be effectively treated with a single drug, N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), a stable NAG analog, which activates CPS1 to restore ureagenesis. We describe three patients with NAGSD due to four novel noncoding sequence variants in the NAGS regulatory regions. All three patients had hyperammonemia that resolved upon treatment with NCG. Sequence variants NM_153006.2:c.427-222G>A and NM_153006.2:c.427-218A>C reside in the 547 bp-long first intron of NAGS and define a novel NAGS regulatory element that binds retinoic X receptor alpha. Sequence variants NC_000017.10:g.42078967A>T (NM_153006.2:c.-3065A>T) and NC_000017.10:g.42078934C>T (NM_153006.2:c.-3098C>T) reside in the NAGS enhancer, within known HNF1 and predicted glucocorticoid receptor binding sites, respectively. Reporter gene assays in HepG2 and HuH-7 cells demonstrated that all four substitutions could result in reduced expression of NAGS. These findings show that analyzing noncoding regions of NAGS and other urea cycle genes can reveal molecular causes of disease and identify novel regulators of ureagenesis.

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