期刊
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
卷 27, 期 19, 页码 4615-4629出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15797
关键词
chlorophyll-a; climate change; long-term data; phytoplankton biomass; snowmelt; stream discharge
资金
- Vermont Space Grant Consortium under NASA Cooperative Agreement [NNX15AP86H]
- NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship under NASA Cooperative Agreement [80NSSC18K1394P0000]
- Swedish Infrastructure for Ecosystem Science (SITES)
- MANTEL [H2020-MSCA-ITN-2061]
- Limnoscenes (Biodiversa)
- Limnoscenes (Belmond Forum)
- Limnoscenes (German Science Foundation)
- RSCF project, of Ministry of Higher Education and Research [18-44-06201, FZZE-2020-0026, FZZE-2020-0023]
- Foundation for support of applied ecological studies of Lake Baikal
- ERDF/ESF project Biomanipulation [CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007417]
- Estonian Research Council grant [PUT PSG32]
- MANTEL ITN [H2020-MSCA-ITN-2061]
- Estonian Research Council grants [PRG705]
- NASA [NNX15AP86H, 798267] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
The study reveals that changes in winter conditions can have significant impacts on summer phytoplankton biomass and production in lakes, with earlier snowmelt in the watershed leading to lower summer chlorophyll-a concentrations. The results suggest a strong negative correlation between runoff timing and summer chlorophyll-a concentrations.
Winter conditions, such as ice cover and snow accumulation, are changing rapidly at northern latitudes and can have important implications for lake processes. For example, snowmelt in the watershed-a defining feature of lake hydrology because it delivers a large portion of annual nutrient inputs-is becoming earlier. Consequently, earlier and a shorter duration of snowmelt are expected to affect annual phytoplankton biomass. To test this hypothesis, we developed an index of runoff timing based on the date when 50% of cumulative runoff between January 1 and May 31 had occurred. The runoff index was computed using stream discharge for inflows, outflows, or for flows from nearby streams for 41 lakes in Europe and North America. The runoff index was then compared with summer chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration (a proxy for phytoplankton biomass) across 5-53 years for each lake. Earlier runoff generally corresponded to lower summer Chl-a. Furthermore, years with earlier runoff also had lower winter/spring runoff magnitude, more protracted runoff, and earlier ice-out. We examined several lake characteristics that may regulate the strength of the relationship between runoff timing and summer Chl-a concentrations; however, our tested covariates had little effect on the relationship. Date of ice-out was not clearly related to summer Chl-a concentrations. Our results indicate that ongoing changes in winter conditions may have important consequences for summer phytoplankton biomass and production.
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