Comparison of differential expression genes in ovaries and testes of Pearlscale angelfish Centropyge vrolikii based on RNA-Seq analysis

Pearlscale angelfish Centropyge vrolikii is a kind of protogynous hermaphrodite fish with a natural sexual reversion. Under appropriate social conditions, a female fish can transform into a male fish spontaneously. It is an important prerequisite for artificial breeding to understand the process of its gonadal development and sexual reversion. Gonadal development is regulated by many sex-related genes. In this study, we used unreferenced RNA-Seq technology to sequence the ovary at the perinucleolus stage (O-II), ovary at the yolk vesicle stage (O-IV),IV and testis (T), respectively; screened the gonadal differential expression genes (DEGs); and analyzed the expression of these genes in different developmental stages of ovary and different sex gonads. The results showed that a total of 142,589 all-unigene samples were assembled, and gene annotation was performed by COG, GO, KEGG, KOG, Pfam, Swissprot, eggNOG, and NR functional database. Comparative analysis revealed that there were 1919 genes that were up-regulated and 1289 genes were down-regulated in comparison to O-IV vs O-II, while there were 3653 genes that were up-regulated and 2874 genes were down-regulated in comparison of O-IV vs T, there were 3345 genes that were up-regulated and 2995 genes were down-regulated in comparison of the O-II vs the T. At the same time, the results verified by RT-qPCR were consistent with the variation trend of transcriptome data. Among the results, amh, sox9b, dmrt1, dmrt2, cyp11a, cyp17a, and cyp19a were significantly expressed in the testes, while sox3, sox4, sox11, sox17, and hsd3b7 were significantly expressed in the ovaries. And, the expression of the amh, sox9b, dmrt2, and dmrt1 were low in the O-II and O-IV, while significantly increased during the ovotestis in the hermaphroditic period (O-T), and finally reached the highest level in pure testis after sex reversal. The expression of sox3, sox4, hsd3b7, sox11, and sox17 was significantly reduced during the hermaphroditic period (O-T). These results suggested that these genes may play an important role in the process of sex reversal. This study is helpful to further understand the molecular regulation mechanism of gonadal development and sexual reversion in Pearlscale angelfish and also provide important clues for future studies.

Automated summary

This study utilized RNA-Seq technology to sequence and analyze gonadal differential expression genes in Pearlscale angelfish Centropyge vrolikii, revealing the importance of various genes in the process of sexual reversal. These results provide insights into the molecular regulation mechanism of gonadal development and sexual reversion in Pearlscale angelfish and offer valuable clues for future studies.