期刊
EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
卷 246, 期 20, 页码 2151-2158出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/15353702211013799
关键词
Diffusion MRI; optical coherence tomography; mitochondria; photoreceptors
资金
- National Institutes of Health [EY026584, AG058171]
- NIH intramural Research Programs [EY000503, EY000530]
The article reviews high spatial resolution imaging techniques and commercial OCT technologies for measuring mitochondrial respiration in the outer retina, and discusses the importance of changes in subretinal space water content for diagnosing threats to vision and improving treatment success rates.
There remains a need for high spatial resolution imaging indices of mitochondrial respiration in the outer retina that probe normal physiology and measure pathogenic and reversible conditions underlying loss of vision. Mitochondria are involved in a critical, but somewhat underappreciated, support system that maintains the health of the outer retina involving stimulus-evoked changes in subretinal space hydration. The subretinal space hydration light-dark response is important because it controls the distribution of vision-critical interphotoreceptor matrix components, including anti-oxidants, pro-survival factors, ions, and metabolites. The underlying signaling pathway controlling subretinal space water management has been worked out over the past 30 years and involves cGMP/mitochondria respiration/pH/RPE water efflux. This signaling pathway has also been shown to be modified by disease-generating conditions, such as hypoxia or oxidative stress. Here, we review recent advances in MRI and commercially available OCT technologies that can measure stimulus-evoked changes in subretinal space water content based on changes in the external limiting membrane-retinal pigment epithelium region. Each step within the above signaling pathway can also be interrogated with FDA-approved pharmaceuticals. A highlight of these studies is the demonstration of first-in-kind in vivo imaging of mitochondria respiration of any cell in the body. Future examinations of subretinal space hydration are expected to be useful for diagnosing threats to sight in aging and disease, and improving the success rate when translating treatments from bench-to-bedside.
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