期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
卷 28, 期 44, 页码 62499-62518出版社
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15049-0
关键词
Mediterranean river; Kadicha river; Emerging contaminants; Legacy contaminants; Sediments; Urbanization; Environmental risk assessment
资金
- National Council for Scientific Research of Lebanon (CNRS-L)
- University of Montpellier
- Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF)
The Kadicha river basin in Northern Lebanon is a small coastal river facing multiple pressures due to rapid urbanization, population growth, and poor wastewater treatment. The study found various contaminants accumulating in the sediment, with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polycyclic musks showing the highest concentrations. The upstream urbanized area and estuary were identified as the most contaminated areas, with an environmental risk assessment indicating potential risks to benthic species from both legacy and emerging compounds.
The Kadicha river basin in Northern Lebanon is an illustrative example of multiple pressures encountered in the Mediterranean region: it is a small coastal river affected by rapid urbanization, population growth (drastically impacted by the influx of Syrian refugees), and a chronic default of wastewater treatment. In this context, multiple classes of contaminants may attain the river accumulating in sediment. However, very little information is available in the literature on the contamination status in such stressed Mediterranean contexts. This study proposed a first contamination evaluation of a small Mediterranean river submitted to multiple pressures. Two sediment sampling campaigns along sites impacted by increasing urban gradient within the Kadicha river basin were performed to determine the occurrence and the environmental risks of both emerging and legacy contaminants. The results revealed the detection of the 41 studied compounds. The highest concentrations were attained by PAHs and polycyclic musks (up to 311.79, 94.22, and 81.13 ng/g of dry weight for PAH, cashmeran, and galaxolide, respectively). The discontinuous urbanized upstream area and the estuary were the most contaminated areas of the river. An environmental risk assessment showed a hazard quotient (HQ) higher than 1 for both legacy and emerging compounds (EHMC and 4-MBC), indicating a potential risk to benthic species. Monitoring campaigns and implementation of wastewater treatment plants should be encouraged as the anthropogenic pressure on small Mediterranean rivers will increase over the years.
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