期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
卷 55, 期 15, 页码 10231-10242出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04526
关键词
water footprint; water consumption; life cycle assessment; life cycle impact assessment; WAVE; atmospheric moisture; evaporation recycling
资金
- German Research Foundation (DFG) [FI 1622/4-1]
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NOW) [016.Veni.181.015]
Global water consumption along value chains of goods and services has increased, leading to increased attention on water footprinting. Evaporation accounts for most global water consumption and is connected to other regions through atmospheric moisture transport. This study aims to fill a gap in water footprinting by considering source-receptor relationships between different drainage basins and using comprehensive information on evaporation recycling.
Water consumption along value chains of goods and services has increased globally and led to increased attention on water footprinting. Most global water consumption is accounted for by evaporation (E), which is connected via bridges of atmospheric moisture transport to other regions on Earth. However, the resultant source-receptor relationships between different drainage basins have not yet been considered in water footprinting. Based on a previously developed data set on the fate of land evaporation, we aim to close this gap by using comprehensive information on evaporation recycling in water footprinting for the first time. By considering both basin internal evaporation recycling (BIER; >5% in 2% of the world's basins) and basin external evaporation recycling (BEER; >50% in 37% of the world's basins), we were able to use three types of water inventories (basin internal, basin external, and transboundary inventories), which imply different evaluation perspectives in water footprinting. Drawing on recently developed impact assessment methods, we produced characterization models for assessing the impacts of blue and green water evaporation on blue water availability for all evaluation perspectives. The results show that the negative effects of evaporation in the originating basins are counteracted (and partly overcompensated) by the positive effects of reprecipitation in receiving basins. By aggregating them, combined net impacts can be determined. While we argue that these offset results should not be used as a standalone evaluation, the water footprint community should consider atmospheric moisture recycling in future standards and guidelines.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据