期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
卷 55, 期 13, 页码 8965-8976出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08725
关键词
toxicokinetic; toxicodynamic; metal toxicity; lethal effect; sublethal effect; subcellular distribution; zebrafish larvae
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41877498, 41991313]
- National Key R&D Program of China [2018YFC1406403]
- Tianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students [2019YJSB051]
The study developed a subcellular two-compartment toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic model for zebrafish larvae exposed to four metals, showing that copper had the highest toxicity. The results suggest that the observed variation in toxicity of the four metals was mainly determined by toxicodynamic processes.
Given the persistence and toxic potencies of metal contaminants in ecosystems, animals, and human beings, they are considered to be hazardous global pollutants. While the lethality of metal toxicities (e.g., LC50) can significantly vary, even within the same species, the underlying mechanisms are less well-understood. In this study, we developed a subcellular two-compartment toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TK-TD) model for zebrafish larvae when exposed to four metals (cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc) to reveal whether differences in metal toxicity (LC50 values) were dominated by the TK or TD processes. Results showed that the subcellular TK and TD parameters of the four metals were significantly different, and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) value of copper was higher than those of the other metals. We also found that the TD parameter internal threshold concentration (CIT) was significantly positively correlated to the LC50 values (R-2 = 0.7), suggesting a dominant role of TD processes in metal toxicity. Furthermore, the combined parameter CIT/BCF for a metal-sensitive fraction (BCFMSF), which linked exposure to effects through the TK-TD approach, explained up to 89% of the variation in toxicity to the four metals. The present study suggests that the observed variation in toxicity of these four metals was mainly determined by TD processes but that TK processes should not be ignored, especially for copper.
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