期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
卷 285, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117486
关键词
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs); Chironomidae larvae; Enricher; Freshwater environments
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41831287, 51979241, 81703190]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2018M633735]
- Tianjin Natural Science Foundation [17JCZDJC39100]
- Key R&D Program Projects in Shandong Province [2019GSF107019]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province [ZR2017LH058]
- Qingtan Scholar Talent Project of Zaozhuang University [100638]
This study demonstrates for the first time the distribution of ARGs in Chironomidae larvae and shows their transmission to downstream predators through the food chain. Conjugative transfer plays a crucial role in ARG spread, with Escherichia and Flavobacterium identified as the main host bacteria of ARGs.
Infection caused by pathogenic bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a serious challenge to human health. Water environment, including water and surface sediments, is an important repository of ARGs, and the activity of aquatic animal can affect the development of ARG pollution in the water environment. Macrobenthic invertebrates are an important component of aquatic ecosystems, and their effects on ARG development in aquatic environments remain unreported. The distribution of ARGs, including tetA gene, sul2 gene, and kan gene, in Chironomidae larvae is demonstrated in this study for the first time. The ARG distribution was related to sampling points, metal elements, and seasons. Animal models demonstrated that Chironomidae larvae enriched ARGs from water and passed them on to downstream predators in the food chain. Conjugative transfer mediated by resistant plasmids was crucial in the spread of ARG in Chironomidae larvae, and upregu-lated expression of trfAp gene and trbBp gene was the molecular mechanism. Escherichia in Proteobacteria and Flavobacterium in Bacteroidetes, which are gram-negative bacteria in Chironomidae larvae, are the primary host bacteria of ARGs confirmed via resistance screening and DNA sequencing of V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. Feeding experiments further confirmed that ARGs from Chironomidae larvae can be enriched in the fish gut. Research gaps in food chain between sediments and fish are addressed in this study, and Chironomidae larvae is an important enricher of ARGs in the freshwater environment.
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