期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
卷 285, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117487
关键词
Air contaminants; Experimental design; Microwave-assisted extraction; Solid-phase microextraction; Gas chromatography; Particulate matter
资金
- University of Calabria
- Italian National Research Council
- European Commission-H2020
- ERA-PLANET program [689443]
- Division of Analytical Chemistry of the European Chemical Society
This paper presents a new method for quantifying chemicals in airborne particulate matter, utilizing microwave-assisted extraction and SPME, with optimal conditions determined through experimental design techniques. The developed protocol showed satisfactory results in terms of linearity, accuracy, and precision, demonstrating its value and eco-friendliness in real monitoring campaigns.
Benzothiazoles (BTHs), benzotriazoles (BTRs), and benzenesulfonamides (BSAs) are chemicals used in several industrial and household applications. Despite these compounds are emerging pollutants, there is still a lack of information about their presence in outdoor air samples. In this paper, we developed a new method for the quantification of BTHs, BTRs, and BSAs in airborne particulate matter (PM10). The extraction of fourteen analytes from PM10 was accomplished by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using an environmentally friendly mixture of water and ethanol. SPME was used to analyze the target compounds from the MAE extract by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS/MS), eliminating additional sample clean-up steps. The best working conditions for MAE and SPME were examined multivariately by experimental design techniques. The target compounds were quantified in selected reaction monitoring acquisition mode. The proposed method was carefully validated, and the achieved results were satisfactory in terms of linearity, lower limit of quantification (picograms per cubic meter), intra- and inter-day accuracy (81-118% and 82-114%, respectively), and precision (repeatability and reproducibility in the range 2.3-17% and 7.4-19%, respectively). The application in a real monitoring campaign showed that the developed protocol is a valuable and eco-friendly alternative to the methods proposed so far.
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