Multi-Agent Simulation of Iceberg Mass Loss during Its Energy-Efficient Towing for Freshwater Supply

The problem of freshwater deficit in the last decade has progressed, not only in Africa or Asia, but also in European countries. One of the possible solutions is to obtain freshwater from drifting icebergs. The towing of large icebergs is the topic analyzed in various freshwater supply projects conducted in different zone-specific regions of the world. These projects show general effects of iceberg transport efficiency but do not present a detailed methodology for the calculation of their mass losses. The aim of this article is to develop the methodology to calculate the mass losses of icebergs transported on a selected route. A multi-agent simulation was used, and the numerical model to estimate the melting rate of the iceberg during its energy-efficient towing was developed. Moreover, the effect of towing speed on the iceberg's mass loss was determined. It was stated that the maximum use of ocean currents, despite longer route and increased transport time, allows for energy-efficient transport of the iceberg. The optimal towing speed of the iceberg on the selected route was recommended at the range of 0.4-1 m/s. The achieved results may be of interest to institutions responsible for sustainable development and dealing with water resources and freshwater supply.

Automated summary

In the past decade, the problem of freshwater deficit has worsened not only in Africa or Asia, but also in European countries. One potential solution is to obtain freshwater from drifting icebergs. Utilizing ocean currents for energy-efficient transport of icebergs may be the key to sustainable supply of freshwater. Specific methodologies for calculating iceberg mass losses during transportation on selected routes are essential for effective planning and resource management.