The Impact of Economic, Energy, and Environmental Factors on the Development of the Hydrogen Economy

This article attempts to model interdependencies between socio-economic, energy, and environmental factors with selected data characterizing the development of the hydrogen economy. The study applies Spearman's correlation and a linear regression model to estimate the influence of gross domestic product, population, final energy consumption, renewable energy, and CO2 emission on chosen hydrogen indicators-production, patents, energy technology research, development, and demonstration budgets. The study was conducted in nine countries selected for their actions towards a hydrogen economy based on analyses of national strategies, policies, research and development programs, and roadmaps. The results confirm the statistically significant impact of the chosen indicators, which are the drivers for the development of the hydrogen economy from 2008 to 2018. Moreover, the empirical results show that different characteristics in each country contribute to the development of the hydrogen economy vision.

Automated summary

This study explores the development of the hydrogen economy in nine countries from 2008 to 2018 using Spearman's correlation and linear regression models. The results show that GDP, population, energy consumption, renewable energy, and CO2 emissions significantly impact hydrogen production, patents, energy technology research, development, and demonstration budgets, with each country's unique characteristics contributing to the vision of the hydrogen economy.