期刊
EMBO JOURNAL
卷 40, 期 21, 页码 -出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108028
关键词
AMPK; CARS; cell survival; cyst(e)ine
资金
- National Key R&D Program of China [2018YFA0800300, 2018YFA0107103]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [91957203, 81930083, 82130087, 81874060]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB39020100]
- Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams [2017ZT07S054]
This study reveals that cysteine deficiency activates AMPK through CaMKK2, leading to cell death. Cysteine modulates AMPK activation by affecting the binding of CARS to AMPK.
Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important cellular metabolite-sensing enzyme that can directly sense changes not only in ATP but also in metabolites associated with carbohydrates and fatty acids. However, less is known about whether and how AMPK senses variations in cellular amino acids. Here, we show that cysteine deficiency significantly triggers calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2)-mediated activation of AMPK. In addition, we found that CaMKK2 directly associates with cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CARS), which then binds to AMPK gamma 2 under cysteine deficiency to activate AMPK. Interestingly, we discovered that cysteine inhibits the binding of CARS to AMPK gamma 2, and thus, under cysteine deficiency conditions wherein the inhibitory effect of cysteine is abrogated, CARS mediates the binding of AMPK to CaMKK2, resulting in the phosphorylation and activation of AMPK by CaMKK2. Importantly, we demonstrate that blocking AMPK activation leads to cell death under cysteine-deficient conditions. In summary, our study is the first to show that CARS senses the absence of cysteine and activates AMPK through the cysteine-CARS-CaMKK2-AMPK gamma 2 axis, a novel adaptation strategy for cell survival under nutrient deprivation conditions.
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