Merging pyridine(s) with porphyrins and analogues: An overview of synthetic approaches

Synthetic methodologies leading to porphyrinoids conjugated to pyridyl/pyridinium units are of longstanding interest in view of the possible application of the obtained derivatives in several fields like medicine, (photo) catalysis, chemosensing and supramolecular chemistry. This review highlights different synthetic approaches including cycloaddition reactions, metal catalyzed cross-couplings, cationization, or more conventional condensation reactions of dipyrromethanes or aldehydes with pyrrole in acidic conditions, envisaged by several research groups to obtain these high value-added porphyrins and analogues.

Automated summary

Synthetic methodologies leading to porphyrinoids conjugated to pyridyl/pyridinium units have been of longstanding interest for potential applications in fields such as medicine, (photo) catalysis, chemosensing, and supramolecular chemistry. Various synthetic approaches, including cycloaddition reactions, metal catalyzed cross-couplings, cationization, and conventional condensation reactions, have been explored by research groups to obtain these high value-added porphyrins and analogues.