Cytology of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy revisited: A case report with special reference to JC polyomavirus-infected oligodendrocytes and astrocytes

Summary: The Review provides an overview of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and diseases caused by JC virus, discussing emerging immunotherapeutic approaches for increased survival. It highlights the need to reassess PML pathophysiology and clinical course, and the challenges of reversing underlying immunosuppression in the absence of antiviral therapies. Emerging treatments show promise but caution is advised to manage potential complications such as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and long-term neurological effects.