4.5 Review

Update on neuroimaging in disorders of consciousness

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Resting-State NIRS-EEG in Unresponsive Patients with Acute Brain Injury: A Proof-of-Concept Study

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Summary: Neurovascular imaging techniques like NIRS and EEG were used to assess neurovascular coupling and consciousness levels in acute brain injury patients in the ICU. The results showed that neurovascular coupling between NIRS oxyhemoglobin and EEG band-power signals at frontal areas was sensitive to changing consciousness levels. Combined NIRS-EEG could accurately distinguish unresponsive patients from conscious controls and identify patients who subsequently failed to recover consciousness.

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Summary: A study investigated brain activity in non-responsive brain-injured patients, finding that a significant proportion of them showed partial preservation of brain metabolism, labeled as MCS*. Patients with MCS* had better outcomes, global functional connectivity, and grey matter preservation compared to those with VS/UWS. MCS* patients had lower brain metabolism in posterior brain regions compared to MCS patients.

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Summary: The study suggests that heartbeat-evoked responses (HER) have high accuracy in monitoring consciousness status, and are related to brain metabolism and consciousness diagnosis. HER can provide specific information about consciousness, and classify more accurately than heart rate variability.

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Willful Modulation of Brain Activity in Disorders of Consciousness

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EANM procedure guidelines for PET brain imaging using [F-18]FDG, version 2

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