Phospholipid-coated targeted microbubbles for ultrasound molecular imaging and therapy

Phospholipid-coated microbubbles are ultrasound contrast agents that, when functionalized, adhere to specific biomarkers on cells. In this concise review, we highlight recent developments in strategies for targeting the microbubbles and their use for ultrasound molecular imaging (UMI) and therapy. Recently developed novel targeting strategies include magnetic functionalization, triple targeting, and the use of several new ligands. UMI is a powerful technique for studying disease progression, diagnostic imaging, and monitoring of therapeutic responses. Targeted microbubbles (tMBs) have been used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and cancer, with therapeutics either coadministered or loaded onto the tMBs. Regardless of which disease was treated, the use of tMBs always resulted in a better therapeutic outcome than non-tMBs when compared in vitro or in vivo.

Automated summary

Phospholipid-coated microbubbles, when functionalized, can adhere to specific biomarkers on cells, and recent developments in targeting strategies have enhanced their use for ultrasound molecular imaging and therapy. Targeted microbubbles have shown promising results in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and cancer, consistently outperforming non-targeted microbubbles in therapeutic outcomes, whether in vitro or in vivo.