期刊
CURRENT OPINION IN CELL BIOLOGY
卷 71, 期 -, 页码 120-129出版社
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.03.001
关键词
Endocytosis; Clathrin; Clathrin-mediated endocytosis; Clathrin-independent endocytosis; Cargoes; Receptors; Lipids; Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins; Macropinocytosis; Activity-dependent bulk endocytosis; Massive Endocytosis; EGFR Non-Clathrin endocytosisInterleukin-2 receptor endocytosis; Fast endophilin-mediated endocytosis (FEME); Ultrafast endocytosis; Glycolipid-Lectin hypothesis; Clathrin-independent carriers/GPI-AP-enriched early endosomal compartments (CLIC/GEEC); Endophilin-A3/Galectin-8-mediated endocytosis
类别
资金
- Francqui Foundation (Belgium)
- Fonds de la Recherche ScientifiquedFNRS (Belgium) [F.4540.21]
- BBSRC [BB/R01552X]
- Birkbeck/Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund (ISSF2) Career Development Award
Endocytosis is a crucial mechanism for cellular uptake, also utilized by viruses, toxins, and bacteria for cell invasion. Besides the canonical clathrin-mediated pathway, there are various clathrin-independent mechanisms for internalizing specific cargoes and supporting cellular functions.
Endocytosis mediates the uptake of extracellular proteins, micronutrients and transmembrane cell surface proteins. Importantly, many viruses, toxins and bacteria hijack endocytosis to infect cells. The canonical pathway is clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and is active in all eukaryotic cells to support critical house-keeping functions. Unconventional mechanisms of endocytosis exit in parallel of CME, to internalize specific cargoes and support various cellular functions. These clathrin-independent endocytic (CIE) routes use three distinct mechanisms: acute signaling-induced membrane remodeling drives macropinocytosis, activity-dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE), massive endocytosis (MEND) and EGFR non-clathrin endocytosis (EGFR-NCE). Cargo capture and local membrane deformation by cytosolic proteins is used by fast endophilin-mediated endocytosis (FEME), IL-2R beta endocytosis and ultrafast endocytosis at synapses. Finally, the formation of endocytic pits by clustering of extracellular lipids or cargoes according to the Glycolipid-Lectin (GL-Lect) hypothesis mediates the uptake of SV40 virus, Shiga and cholera toxins, and galectin-clustered receptors by the CLIC/GEEC and the endophilin-A3-mediated CIE.
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