A variational framework for the strain-smoothed element method

This paper is devoted to a rigorous mathematical foundation for the convergence properties of the strain-smoothed element (SSE) method. The SSE method has demonstrated improved convergence behaviors compared to other strain smoothing methods through various numerical examples; however, there has been no theoretical evidence for the convergence behavior. A unique feature of the SSE method is the construction of smoothed strain fields within elements by fully unifying the strains of adjacent elements. Owing to this feature, convergence analysis is required, which is different from other existing strain smoothing methods. In this paper, we first propose a novel mixed variational principle wherein the SSE method can be interpreted as a Galerkin approximation of that. The proposed variational principle is a generalization of the well-known Hu-Washizu variational principle; thus, various existing strain smoothing methods can be expressed in terms of the proposed variational principle. With a unified view of the SSE method and other existing methods through the proposed variational principle, we analyze the convergence behavior of the SSE method and explain the reason for the improved performance compared to other methods. We also present numerical experiments that support our theoretical results.

Automated summary

This study establishes a rigorous mathematical foundation for the convergence properties of the strain-smoothed element (SSE) method. The unique feature of the SSE method is the construction of smoothed strain fields by unifying the strains of adjacent elements, requiring convergence analysis different from other existing methods. By proposing a novel mixed variational principle and analyzing the SSE method in comparison to other existing methods, the study explains the improved convergence behavior and presents numerical experiments to support the theoretical results.