Controlling chaos and supressing chimeras in a fractional-order discrete phase-locked loop using impulse control*

A fractional-order difference equation model of a third-order discrete phase-locked loop (FODPLL) is discussed and the dynamical behavior of the model is demonstrated using bifurcation plots and a basin of attraction. We show a narrow region of loop gain where the FODPLL exhibits quasi-periodic oscillations, which were not identified in the integer-order model. We propose a simple impulse control algorithm to suppress chaos and discuss the effect of the control step. A network of FODPLL oscillators is constructed and investigated for synchronization behavior. We show the existence of chimera states while transiting from an asynchronous to a synchronous state. The same impulse control method is applied to a lattice array of FODPLL, and the chimera states are then synchronized using the impulse control algorithm. We show that the lower control steps can achieve better control over the higher control steps.

Automated summary

The study discusses the dynamical behavior of a fractional-order difference equation model of a third-order discrete phase-locked loop (FODPLL), proposing a simple impulse control algorithm to suppress chaos. A network of FODPLL oscillators is constructed and investigated for synchronization behavior, showing the existence of chimera states during the transition from an asynchronous to a synchronous state. The same impulse control method is then applied to a lattice array of FODPLL to synchronize chimera states.