期刊
CHEMOSPHERE
卷 279, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130434
关键词
QuEChERS; Multiresidue method; Miniaturization; Pesticides; Persistent organic pollutants
资金
- Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union (NABU) Rheinland-Pfalz (Germany)
- Stiftung Pro Artenvielfalt (SPA) - Foundation Pro Biodiversity (Germany)
A QuEChERS sample preparation method was developed for small wildlife animals' liver tissues to analyze pesticide and pollutant exposure, allowing for multiresidue analysis with gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The methods were validated with representative analytes, showing satisfactory results in recovery, precision, and linear range. The new micro QuEChERS method requires minute amounts of biomaterial and is a sophisticated technique for determining exposure to different contaminants.
In order to gain a better insight into pesticide and pollutant exposure of small (non-target) wildlife animals, a QuEChERS sample preparation method was first developed for 5 g liver tissues (e.g. hedgehog samples) and then downscaled for the analysis of 100 mg liver tissues (e.g. bat samples). The optimized (micro) QuEChERS methods used 1% acetic acid in acetonitrile as organic solvent for liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and salting out was performed with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and sodium acetate (4:1). After a freezing-out step, sample clean-up was carried out with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, PSA, C-18, and GCB (150:25:20:5). Overall, 209 pesticides and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can be analysed within each sample with gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Both methods were validated with representative analytes according to the European Commission guideline SANTE/12682/2019. Limits of quantification were between 1 and 20 mu g kg(-1), and the methods proved to be linear up to 400 mu g kg(-1). Additionally, the analytes delivered satisfactory results regarding recovery and precision. As proof of concept, samples of six hedgehog livers were analysed with both methods to prove the accuracy of the micro QuEChERS method. Additionally, six livers of different bat species were analysed with the downscaled method. The newly developed micro QuEChERS method for multiresidue analysis requires only minute amounts of biomaterial and represents a sophisticated novel technique for determining the exposure of small wildlife animals to different contaminants. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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