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Enteric viruses seize their immunomodulatory niche

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Enteric viruses evoke broad host immune responses resembling those elicited by the bacterial microbiome

Simone Dallari et al.

Summary: The study systematically defined the host response in mice to a panel of eukaryotic enteric viruses from six different families, revealing that most infections were asymptomatic in the mice but varied in magnitude and duration based on the microbiota. Flow cytometric and transcriptional profiling uncovered general adaptations by the host, such as lymphocyte differentiation and IL-22 signatures in the intestine, as well as numerous viral-strain-specific responses. Comparison with bacterial mono-associations identified bacterial species that induce immune responses similar to the viruses examined, emphasizing the importance of viral exposure events in the immune space occupied by the enteric virome.

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