Aging of the progenitor cells that initiate prostate cancer

Many organs experience a loss of tissue mass and a decline in regenerative capacity during aging. In contrast, the prostate continues to grow in volume. In fact, age is the most important risk factor for prostate cancer. However, the age-related factors that influence the composition, morphology and molecular features of prostate epithelial progenitor cells, the cells-of-origin for prostate cancer, are poorly understood. Here, we review the evidence that prostate luminal progenitor cells are expanded with age. We explore the age-related changes to the microenvironment that may influence prostate epithelial cells and risk of transformation. Finally, we raise a series of questions about models of aging and regulators of prostate aging which need to be addressed. A fundamental understanding of aging in the prostate will yield critical insights into mechanisms that promote the development of age-related prostatic disease.

Automated summary

The prostate continues to grow in volume while many other organs experience a loss of tissue mass and decline in regenerative capacity during aging. Research indicates that prostate luminal progenitor cells expand with age, and age-related changes to the microenvironment may influence prostate epithelial cells and the risk of transformation. Addressing questions regarding models of aging and regulators of prostate aging is crucial for understanding mechanisms that promote age-related prostatic disease.