期刊
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
卷 43, 期 6, 页码 827-854出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/07060661.2021.1936650
关键词
biological control; Botrytis cinerea; Botrytis pseudocinerea; Diaporthe eres; Fusarium graminearum; grey mould; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
资金
- Collaborative Research and Development (CRD) Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- B.C. Ministry of Agriculture/Agriculture and AgriFood Canada through the Canadian Agricultural Partnership (CAP) Program [URACP 19-212]
- Pure Sunfarms
- Marrone Bio Innovations
The study found serious bud rot issues between cannabis and hemp fields, with major pathogens being Botrytis cinerea, B. pseudocinerea, B. porri, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Diaporthe eres and Fusarium graminearum. Sampling for bud rot and stem canker presence was conducted in seven indoor or outdoor cannabis production sites and three hemp fields during 2019-2020, revealing potential for disease control using several biological control agents.
Bud rot pathogens cause diseases on Cannabis sativa L. (cannabis, hemp) worldwide through pre- and post-harvest infections of the inflorescence. Seven indoor or outdoor cannabis production sites and three hemp fields were sampled for bud rot and stem canker presence during 2019-2020. Among 178 isolates recovered from diseased tissues, sequences of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of rDNA, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) gene and the heat shock 60 (HSP) gene identified the following: Botrytis cinerea (162 isolates), B. pseudocinerea (2), B. porri (1), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (5), Diaporthe eres (3) and Fusarium graminearum (5). Pathogenicity studies conducted on fresh detached cannabis buds inoculated with spore suspensions or mycelial plugs showed that B. cinerea, S. sclerotiorum and F. graminearum were the most virulent, while B. pseudocinerea, B. porri and D. eres caused significantly less bud rot. Optimal growth of Botrytis species occurred at 15-25 degrees C. In vitro antagonism tests showed that Bacillus spp., Trichoderma asperellum and Gliocladium catenulatum inhibited B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum colony growth. When applied as a spray 48 h prior to B. cinerea inoculation, all biocontrol agents significantly (P < 0.01) reduced disease development on detached inflorescences. Prolific growth and sporulation of T. asperellum and G. catenulatum were observed on bud tissues. The pathogens B. porri, S. sclerotiorum, D. eres and F. graminearum are described for the first time as cannabis bud rot pathogens. Inoculum from neighbouring fields of diseased garlic, cabbage, blueberry and hay pasture, respectively, likely initiated infection of inflorescences. Several biological control agents show potential for disease reduction through competitive exclusion.
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